Shalev Ben-David received his Ph.D. in computer science from M.I.T. in 2017, under the advisorship of Scott Aaronson. His research interests include complexity theory and quantum computing. He is currently a Hartree postdoctoral fellow at the University of Maryland, though this paper was written when he was a student at MIT. He is always looking for people to play Hex with.

Robin Kothari received his Ph.D. in Computer Science from the University of Waterloo in 2014, under the supervision of Andrew Childs and John Watrous. This research was performed while he was a postdoctoral associate at the Center for Theoretical Physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He is currently a Researcher in the Quantum Architectures and Computation group (QuArC) at Microsoft Research. His research interests include quantum algorithms and complexity theory.